Randomized controlled trial of calcium supplementation in healthy, nonosteoporotic, older men. Reid I.R., Ames R., Mason B., Reid H.E., Bacon C.J., Bolland M.J., Gamble G.D., Grey A., Horne A. Acute and 3-month effects of microcrystalline hydroxyapatite, calcium citrate and calcium carbonate on serum calcium and markers of bone turnover: A randomised controlled trial in postmenopausal women. Current evidence does not support use of either calcium or vitamin D supplements in healthy community-dwelling adults.īisphosphonate calcium osteoporosis vitamin D.īristow S.M., Gamble G.D., Stewart A., Horne L., House M.E., Aati O., Mihov B., Horne A.M., Reid I.R.
Vitamin D supplements do not improve bone density in clinical trials except in analyses of subgroups with baseline levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 4000 IU/day have been associated with more falls and fractures. Calcium supplements produce a 1% increase in bone density in the first year of use, without further increases subsequently. Vitamin D deficiency is usually the result of low sunlight exposure (e.g., in frail older people, those who are veiled, those with dark-skin living at higher latitudes) and is reversible with calciferol 400-800 IU/day.
Vitamin D and calcium have different biological functions, so the need for supplementation, and its safety and efficacy, need to be evaluated for each separately.
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